Spanish Grammar Guide
Complete Guide
Master Spanish grammar from beginner to intermediate level. Our comprehensive guide covers A1, A2, and B1 grammar topics with clear explanations, conjugation tables, and practical examples to help you speak and write Spanish correctly.
Beginner
Essential grammar for beginners. Learn the building blocks of the language.
Personal Pronouns
Learn Spanish subject pronouns (yo, tú, él, ella, etc.) and understand when to use or omit them. Spanish often drops subject pronouns since verb endings indicate the subject.
Present Tense
Master Spanish present tense verb conjugations for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Learn regular patterns and start communicating about daily actions, habits, and current states.
Articles (Definite & Indefinite)
Learn Spanish definite articles (el, la, los, las) and indefinite articles (un, una, unos, unas). Understand gender and number agreement with nouns, including special cases.
Basic Word Order
Learn Spanish sentence structure and the flexible SVO (Subject-Verb-Object) word order. Understand how Spanish allows more flexibility than English and when different orders are used.
Numbers 1-100
Count in Spanish from 1 to 100. Learn the patterns for forming numbers, including special rules for uno/una agreement and the unique forms for 11-15 and multiples of ten.
Basic Questions
Form questions in Spanish using question words (qué, quién, dónde, cuándo, por qué, cómo) and yes/no questions. Learn proper word order and the use of inverted question marks.
Elementary
Expand your grammar knowledge with everyday structures and expressions.
Past Tense (Pretérito Indefinido)
Learn the Spanish simple past tense (pretérito indefinido) for completed actions. Master regular -ar, -er, -ir conjugations and common irregular verbs like ser, ir, tener, and hacer.
Present Perfect Tense
Form the Spanish present perfect (pretérito perfecto) with haber + past participle. Use it for recent past, life experiences, and actions with present relevance. Common in Spain.
Possessive Pronouns
Replace nouns with Spanish possessive pronouns (mÃo, tuyo, suyo, nuestro, vuestro). Learn the long forms that stand alone and agree in gender and number with the possessed item.
Prepositions (Location & Direction)
Master Spanish prepositions for describing location (encima de, debajo de, al lado de) and direction (hacia, hasta). Learn compound prepositions and their use with estar and verbs of motion.
Comparatives & Superlatives
Compare things in Spanish using más...que, menos...que, and tan...como. Form superlatives with el/la más and learn irregular forms like mejor, peor, mayor, and menor.
Modal Verbs
Express ability, obligation, and desire with Spanish modal verbs: poder (can), deber (must/should), tener que (have to), querer (want), and saber (know how to). Learn their conjugations and uses.
Intermediate
Master complex grammar for fluent communication.
Future Tense
Master the Spanish simple future tense (futuro simple) to express plans, predictions, and probability. Learn the regular conjugations with their distinctive -é, -ás, -á endings, plus common irregular verbs like tener, poder, venir, and saber.
Subjunctive & Conditional
Learn the Spanish conditional tense (condicional simple) for polite requests, hypothetical situations, and wishes. Master conditional conjugations and understand when to use it with si clauses. Explore the connection between conditional and subjunctive moods.
Relative Clauses
Master Spanish relative clauses using que, quien, el cual, cuyo, and donde to add information about nouns. Learn when to use each relative pronoun and understand the difference between defining and non-defining clauses. Create sophisticated, flowing sentences.
Passive Voice
Learn to form the passive voice in Spanish using ser + past participle and the reflexive passive with se. Understand when Spanish prefers passive constructions and when active voice is more natural. Master agreement rules and agent expressions with por.
Reported Speech
Learn to report what others said using indirect speech in Spanish. Master the tense shifts that occur when moving from direct to reported speech. Understand reporting verbs like decir, preguntar, and contar, and practice transforming questions into indirect questions.
Past Perfect Tense
Master the Spanish past perfect (pluscuamperfecto) to describe actions completed before another past event. Form it with the imperfect of haber + past participle. Essential for storytelling, reported speech, and expressing sequences of past events.