LingoStoriesLingoStories
đŸ‡”đŸ‡čB1

B1 Portuguese GrammarSubjunctive & Conditional

Express wishes, hypothetical situations, and polite requests in Portuguese. Master the present subjunctive, imperfect subjunctive, and conditional mood. Learn to form complex sentences with se (if) clauses and express uncertainty or desire.

1Present Subjunctive Formation

The present subjunctive in Portuguese is formed from the first person singular present indicative. Drop the -o and add subjunctive endings: -ar verbs take -e endings, -er/-ir verbs take -a endings. It's used after expressions of doubt, desire, emotion, and impersonal expressions like Ă© importante que (it's important that).

Present Subjunctive Conjugation

Personfalar (speak)comer (eat)partir (leave)
eufalecomaparta
tufalescomaspartas
ele/ela/vocĂȘfalecomaparta
nĂłsfalemoscomamospartamos
eles/elas/vocĂȘsfalemcomampartam

Examples

Espero que ele chegue a tempo.

I hope he arrives on time.

esperar que + subjunctive

É importante que estudemos todos os dias.

It's important that we study every day.

Ă© importante que + subjunctive

Duvido que ela saiba a resposta.

I doubt she knows the answer.

duvidar que + subjunctive

Quero que vocĂȘs sejam felizes.

I want you to be happy.

querer que + subjunctive (sejam = irregular)

2Imperfect Subjunctive

The imperfect subjunctive is formed from the third person plural preterite. Remove -ram and add -sse endings: falaram → fala-sse. It's used for past wishes, hypothetical conditions, and after verbs in the past tense. Two forms exist: -sse (more common) and -ra (literary).

Imperfect Subjunctive (-sse form)

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalassecomessepartisse
tufalassescomessespartisses
ele/ela/vocĂȘfalassecomessepartisse
nĂłsfalĂĄssemoscomĂȘssemospartĂ­ssemos
eles/elas/vocĂȘsfalassemcomessempartissem

Examples

Se eu tivesse dinheiro, compraria uma casa.

If I had money, I would buy a house.

se + imperfect subjunctive + conditional

Gostaria que vocĂȘ viesse Ă  festa.

I would like you to come to the party.

gostaria que + imperfect subjunctive

Ela pediu que eu a ajudasse.

She asked me to help her.

Past verb + que + imperfect subjunctive

Se pudesse, viajaria pelo mundo.

If I could, I would travel the world.

pudesse = imperfect subjunctive of poder

3Conditional Mood

The conditional in Portuguese is formed by adding -ia endings to the infinitive (like the simple future). It expresses what would happen, polite requests, and probability in the past. The endings are: -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -iam. Three verbs have irregular stems: dizer → dir-, fazer → far-, trazer → trar-.

Conditional Conjugation

Personfalarcomerpartir
eufalariacomeriapartiria
tufalariascomeriaspartirias
ele/ela/vocĂȘfalariacomeriapartiria
nĂłsfalarĂ­amoscomerĂ­amospartirĂ­amos
eles/elas/vocĂȘsfalariamcomeriampartiriam

Examples

Eu compraria este carro, mas Ă© muito caro.

I would buy this car, but it's too expensive.

Conditional for hypothetical action

VocĂȘ poderia me ajudar?

Could you help me?

Polite request with conditional

Ela disse que viria Ă s trĂȘs.

She said she would come at three.

Future in the past

Naquele momento, eu faria qualquer coisa.

At that moment, I would do anything.

faria = would do (irregular stem far-)

4If-Clauses (OraçÔes Condicionais)

Portuguese has three main conditional patterns. Real conditions use se + present + present/future. Hypothetical present uses se + imperfect subjunctive + conditional. Past unreal uses se + pluperfect subjunctive + conditional perfect. The se clause can come first or second.

Conditional Patterns

TypeSe clauseMain clause
Real (possible)se + presentpresent/future
Hypothetical (unlikely)se + impf. subj.conditional
Past unrealse + plupf. subj.cond. perfect

Examples

Se chover, fico em casa.

If it rains, I'll stay home.

Real condition: se + present

Se eu fosse rico, nĂŁo trabalharia.

If I were rich, I wouldn't work.

Hypothetical: se + impf. subj. + conditional

Se tivesse estudado, teria passado.

If I had studied, I would have passed.

Past unreal: pluperfect subj. + cond. perfect

Compraria a casa se tivesse dinheiro.

I would buy the house if I had money.

Main clause first, se clause second