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A2 Portuguese GrammarBasic Conjunctions

Learn essential Portuguese conjunctions: e (and), ou (or), mas (but), porque (because), que (that), quando (when), se (if). Connect ideas and form complex sentences.

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1Coordinating Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions connect words or clauses of equal importance. E (and) is the most common. Ou (or) presents alternatives. Mas and porém (but) show contrast. Nem means 'nor'.

Basic Coordinating Conjunctions

PortugueseEnglishExample
eandCafé e leite
ouorChá ou café?
masbutCaro mas bom
porémhowever/butÉ difícil, porém possível
nemnor/not evenNem eu nem tu

Examples

Falo português e inglês.

I speak Portuguese and English.

e = and

Queres chá ou café?

Do you want tea or coffee?

ou = or

É caro, mas vale a pena.

It's expensive, but it's worth it.

mas = but

Não como carne nem peixe.

I don't eat meat or fish.

nem = nor

2Porque and Por que

Porque (one word) means 'because' and introduces reasons. Por que (two words) means 'why' in questions. Porquê (with accent) is used as a noun ('the reason') or at end of questions.

Porque Forms

FormMeaningUsage
porquebecauseEstou cansado porque trabalhei
por quewhy (question)Por que estás triste?
porquêwhy/reason (noun)Não sei porquê
por quêwhy (end of question)Fizeste isso por quê?

Examples

Fiquei em casa porque estava doente.

I stayed home because I was sick.

porque = because

Por que não vieste?

Why didn't you come?

por que = why (question)

Não sei porquê.

I don't know why.

porquê as noun

Choraste por quê?

You cried - why?

por quê at end

3Que and Se

Que (that) introduces subordinate clauses after verbs of thinking, saying, knowing. Se (if/whether) introduces conditions and indirect questions. Both are essential connectors.

Que and Se Usage

ConjunctionFunctionExample
quethat (statement)Sei que ele vem
quethan (comparison)Mais alto que eu
seif (condition)Se puderes, vem
sewhether (question)Perguntou se vinha

Examples

Penso que tens razão.

I think (that) you're right.

que after verbs of thinking

Disse que vinha amanhã.

She said (that) she would come tomorrow.

que after verbs of saying

Se tiveres tempo, liga-me.

If you have time, call me.

se = if (condition)

Não sei se ele vem.

I don't know if/whether he's coming.

se = whether

4Temporal Conjunctions

Temporal conjunctions indicate when something happens: quando (when), enquanto (while), antes de (before), depois de (after). Antes de and depois de are followed by infinitives.

Time Conjunctions

PortugueseEnglishExample
quandowhenQuando chegares
enquantowhileEnquanto espero
antes debeforeAntes de sair
depois deafterDepois de comer
até queuntilAté que venhas

Examples

Quando cheguei, já tinha saído.

When I arrived, he had already left.

quando = when

Enquanto estudas, eu cozinho.

While you study, I cook.

enquanto = while

Antes de sair, apaga a luz.

Before leaving, turn off the light.

antes de + infinitive

Depois de jantar, vemos um filme.

After dinner, we watch a movie.

depois de + infinitive

Practice Exercises

4 exercises

1

'I stayed home because I was sick': Fiquei em casa ___ estava doente.

2

'It's expensive, but it's worth it': É caro, ___ vale a pena.

3

'If you have time, call me': ___ tiveres tempo, liga-me.

4

'She breathes deeply while running': Ela respira fundo ___ corre.

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