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A2 Swedish GrammarParticle Verbs

Master Swedish particle verbs (partikelverb) where a particle like 'på', 'av', 'upp', 'ner' changes or intensifies the verb's meaning. Learn when the particle separates from the verb and how stress patterns indicate separable verbs.

1What Are Particle Verbs?

Particle verbs combine a verb with a stressed particle (preposition or adverb) that modifies its meaning. Compare: 'stänga' (close) vs 'stänga av' (turn off). The particle is stressed and often separates from the verb. This is similar to English phrasal verbs.

Common Particles

ParticleMeaningExample VerbEnglish
avoffstänga avturn off
onsätta påturn on
uppupvakna uppwake up
ner/neddownsätta nerput down
utoutgå utgo out
iningå ingo in

Examples

Jag stänger av TV:n.

I turn off the TV.

stänga av = turn off

Kan du sätta på musiken?

Can you turn on the music?

sätta på = turn on

Barnen gick ut i trädgården.

The children went out into the garden.

gå ut = go out

Ta av dig skorna!

Take off your shoes!

ta av = take off

2Particle Separation in Main Clauses

In main clauses, the particle stays close to the verb but comes AFTER any unstressed object pronouns. With noun objects, the particle can come either before or after the object. The stressed particle determines the verb's meaning.

Particle Position

StructureExampleEnglish
Verb + particleHan gick ut.He went out.
Verb + particle + nounStäng av datorn!Turn off the computer!
Verb + pronoun + particleStäng av den!Turn it off!
Verb + particle + noun (alt.)Stäng datorn av!Turn the computer off!

Examples

Ring upp mig senare!

Call me later!

Particle before pronoun object

Jag sätter på lampan.

I turn on the lamp.

Particle before noun

Kan du ta bort det?

Can you remove it?

ta bort = remove

Hon klädde på sig.

She got dressed.

Particle with reflexive

3Particle Verbs in Subordinate Clauses

In subordinate clauses, the particle moves to directly before the verb. This follows Swedish subordinate clause word order where adverbs precede the verb. Compare: 'Jag stänger av datorn' (main) vs '...att jag stänger datorn av' (subordinate).

Main vs. Subordinate Clause

Main ClauseSubordinate Clause
Han går ut....att han går ut.
Jag stänger av TV:n....att jag stänger av TV:n.
Hon vaknar upp....när hon vaknar upp.
De kommer tillbaka....om de kommer tillbaka.

Examples

Jag vet att han går ut varje dag.

I know that he goes out every day.

går ut stays together in subordinate

När jag vaknade upp, var det mörkt.

When I woke up, it was dark.

Particle in när-clause

Hon frågade om jag kan stänga av musiken.

She asked if I can turn off the music.

Particle verb in om-clause

Säg till mig när du kommer tillbaka.

Tell me when you come back.

komma tillbaka = come back

4Common Particle Verbs to Learn

Many Swedish verbs combine with particles to create new meanings. Some particle verbs are literal (gå ut = go out), while others are idiomatic (ge upp = give up). Learning these combinations expands your vocabulary significantly.

Essential Particle Verbs

Particle VerbEnglishExample
ge uppgive upGe inte upp!
komma ihågrememberJag kommer ihåg det.
ta reda påfind outJag ska ta reda på det.
se utlook/appearDu ser trött ut.
hålla medagreeJag håller med dig.
bry sig omcare aboutHon bryr sig om dig.

Examples

Ge inte upp!

Don't give up!

ge upp = give up

Jag kommer inte ihåg hennes namn.

I don't remember her name.

komma ihåg = remember

Hur ser han ut?

What does he look like?

se ut = look/appear

Jag håller helt med.

I completely agree.

hålla med = agree