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A2 Portuguese GrammarPast Tense (Simple Past)

Master the Portuguese simple past tense (pretérito perfeito) to describe completed actions. Learn regular conjugation patterns for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs, common irregular verbs, and when to use the simple past vs. other past tenses.

1Regular -ar Verbs

The pretérito perfeito (simple past) is used for completed actions at a specific time. For -ar verbs, remove the infinitive ending and add: -ei, -aste, -ou, -ámos, -astes, -aram. This tense is very common in spoken and written Portuguese.

Regular -ar Conjugation

Personfalar (speak)trabalhar (work)estudar (study)
eufaleitrabalheiestudei
tufalastetrabalhasteestudaste
você/ele/elafaloutrabalhouestudou
nósfalámostrabalhámosestudámos
vocês/eles/elasfalaramtrabalharamestudaram

Examples

Ontem falei com a minha mãe.

Yesterday I spoke with my mother.

falei = I spoke

Ela trabalhou até tarde.

She worked until late.

trabalhou = she worked

Nós estudámos português no ano passado.

We studied Portuguese last year.

estudámos = we studied

Eles viajaram para o Brasil.

They traveled to Brazil.

viajaram = they traveled

2Regular -er and -ir Verbs

For -er and -ir verbs, the pretérito perfeito endings are: -i, -este, -eu, -emos, -estes, -eram. Note that -er and -ir verbs share the same endings in this tense. The accent on 'nós' form helps distinguish it from present tense.

Regular -er/-ir Conjugation

Personcomer (eat)beber (drink)partir (leave)
eucomibebiparti
tucomestebebestepartiste
você/ele/elacomeubebeupartiu
nóscomemosbebemospartimos
vocês/eles/elascomerambeberampartiram

Examples

Comi pizza ontem à noite.

I ate pizza last night.

comi = I ate

O João bebeu muito café.

João drank a lot of coffee.

bebeu = he drank

Partimos de Lisboa às oito horas.

We left Lisbon at eight o'clock.

partimos = we left

Elas escreveram uma carta.

They wrote a letter.

escreveram = they wrote

3Common Irregular Verbs

Several essential Portuguese verbs are irregular in the pretérito perfeito. Key irregulars include: ser/ir (fui), ter (tive), estar (estive), fazer (fiz), ver (vi), dar (dei), saber (soube), poder (pude), querer (quis). Note that ser and ir share the same conjugation.

Important Irregular Verbs

Personser/irterfazerver
eufuitivefizvi
tufostetivestefizesteviste
você/ele/elafoitevefezviu
nósfomostivemosfizemosvimos
vocês/eles/elasforamtiveramfizeramviram

Examples

Fui ao supermercado esta manhã.

I went to the supermarket this morning.

fui = I went (ir)

Ela foi muito simpática.

She was very nice.

foi = she was (ser)

Tivemos um problema ontem.

We had a problem yesterday.

tivemos = we had

O que fizeste no fim de semana?

What did you do on the weekend?

fizeste = you did

4Using the Simple Past

The pretérito perfeito is used for actions that started and ended in the past. Time expressions commonly used: ontem (yesterday), na semana passada (last week), há dois dias (two days ago), em 2020 (in 2020). It contrasts with the imperfect for ongoing/habitual past actions.

Time Expressions

PortugueseEnglishExample
ontemyesterdayOntem fiz compras.
anteontemday before yesterdayAnteontem choveu.
na semana passadalast weekNa semana passada viajei.
há + timeagoHá um mês conheci-o.
em + yearin (year)Em 2020 mudei de casa.

Examples

Ontem conheci uma pessoa interessante.

Yesterday I met an interesting person.

conheci = I met (completed action)

Na semana passada estive doente.

Last week I was sick.

estive = I was (specific time)

Há três anos vivi em Londres.

Three years ago I lived in London.

vivi = I lived (specific period)

A Maria chegou às nove e foi-se embora às dez.

Maria arrived at nine and left at ten.

Sequence of completed actions