B1 Danish GrammarComplex Sentence Structure
Combine multiple clauses fluently using advanced Danish connectors. Master conjunctions like selvom (although), trods det at (despite), medmindre (unless), så snart (as soon as), and efterhånden som (as/while) to express sophisticated ideas.
1Concessive Connectors: selvom, selv om, skønt
Concessive conjunctions express contrast or unexpected outcomes - 'although', 'even though', 'despite'. In Danish: selvom/selv om (even though), skønt (although - formal), til trods for at (despite the fact that). Remember: subordinate clauses have adverb-before-verb word order.
Concessive Conjunctions
| Danish | English | Formality | Word Order |
|---|---|---|---|
| selvom | even though | neutral | S + Adv + V |
| selv om | even if | neutral | S + Adv + V |
| skønt | although | formal/literary | S + Adv + V |
| til trods for at | despite that | formal | S + Adv + V |
| uanset at | regardless of | formal | S + Adv + V |
Examples
Selvom det regnede, gik vi en tur.
Even though it was raining, we went for a walk.
selvom + subordinate clause, then main clause
Han kom til festen, skønt han var syg.
He came to the party although he was sick.
skønt (formal) = although
Til trods for at hun var træt, arbejdede hun videre.
Despite being tired, she kept working.
til trods for at = despite the fact that
Uanset hvad du siger, ændrer jeg ikke mening.
Regardless of what you say, I will not change my mind.
uanset hvad = regardless of what
2Conditional Connectors: medmindre, forudsat at, i fald
Advanced conditional conjunctions go beyond simple 'hvis' (if). Medmindre means 'unless', forudsat at means 'provided that', and i fald means 'in case'. These add nuance to conditional statements and follow subordinate clause word order.
Conditional Conjunctions
| Danish | English | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| medmindre | unless | negative condition |
| forudsat at | provided that | positive requirement |
| i fald | in case | precautionary |
| såfremt | if/provided | formal conditional |
| med mindre | unless | alternative spelling |
Examples
Vi tager af sted, medmindre det regner.
We will leave unless it rains.
medmindre = unless
Du kan låne bilen, forudsat at du kører forsigtigt.
You can borrow the car provided that you drive carefully.
forudsat at = provided that
Tag en paraply med, i fald det begynder at regne.
Bring an umbrella in case it starts to rain.
i fald = in case
Såfremt vejret tillader det, holder vi fest udenfor.
If the weather permits, we will have the party outside.
såfremt = if/provided (formal)
3Temporal Connectors: så snart, efterhånden som, inden
Temporal conjunctions specify when events happen relative to each other. Så snart (as soon as), efterhånden som (as/gradually), mens/imens (while), indtil (until), inden (before). These create precise time relationships between clauses.
Temporal Conjunctions
| Danish | English | Time Relation |
|---|---|---|
| så snart | as soon as | immediate sequence |
| efterhånden som | as/gradually | parallel progression |
| indtil | until | endpoint |
| inden | before | prior to |
| siden | since | starting point |
Examples
Så snart hun kommer, begynder vi.
As soon as she arrives, we will begin.
så snart = as soon as (immediate)
Efterhånden som tiden gik, blev han bedre.
As time went by, he got better.
efterhånden som = as/gradually
Bliv her, indtil jeg kommer tilbage.
Stay here until I come back.
indtil = until
Ring til mig, inden du tager af sted.
Call me before you leave.
inden = before
4Result and Purpose: således at, for at, så
Result and purpose connectors show outcomes or intentions. For at (in order to) expresses purpose, så/således at (so that) can show result or purpose, and derfor/altså (therefore/thus) introduce conclusions. Purpose clauses often use infinitive with 'at'.
Result and Purpose Conjunctions
| Danish | English | Function |
|---|---|---|
| for at | in order to | purpose (+ infinitive) |
| så (at) | so that | result/purpose |
| således at | so that | formal result |
| derfor | therefore | conclusion |
| altså | thus/so | logical conclusion |
Examples
Hun studerer hårdt for at bestå eksamen.
She studies hard in order to pass the exam.
for at + infinitive = in order to
Tal højere, så alle kan høre dig.
Speak louder so that everyone can hear you.
så = so that (purpose)
Han var syg, derfor kom han ikke.
He was sick, therefore he did not come.
derfor = therefore (result/conclusion)
Vejret var dårligt, således at kampen blev aflyst.
The weather was bad, so the match was cancelled.
således at = so that (formal result)